General Syllabus

The Topics

that were covered in the 1st INSO were as follows:

* The basic components of an atom
* Basic characteristics including proton, electron, and neutron
* The models explaining the atomic structure (evolution of models)
* Isotopes (stable and unstable), isotones, isobars, isomers
* The periodic table of elements
* Properties of nucleus (size, mass, etc.)
* Basic particle physics (quark composition of subnuclear particles)
* Currently excluded: Shell model of nucleus, advanced quantum mechanics

* Different types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, neutron, ionizing and non-ionizing & understanding electromagnetic spectrum)
* Types of radioactive decay based on nucleus instability
* Differentiate between properties of radioactive emissions (calculations of daughters, conservation of mass/energy)
* Biological effects of radiation
* Radiation interaction with matter (photoelectric effect, pair production, Compton scattering, etc.)
* Dose/radiation units - Dose calculations (dose limits, shielding, etc.)
* Radioactive decay series (parent/daughter, equilibrium, etc.)
* Half-life, mean life, decay constants
* Man-made vs natural sources
* Man-made creation of radiation (x-ray production, accelerators, reactors as source, etc.)
* Measurement of radiation (types of detectors, operating principles, etc.)
* Currently excluded: Exotic forms of radiation (muons, etc.), detailed Compton scattering calculations, conservation of spin/angular momentum

* Nuclear Reactions and Q-value calculations
* Differentiate between fission and fusion reactions
* Conversion of mass to energy E=MC2
* Basic relativity formulas and calculations (relating to E=MC2)
* Control of fission and fusion
* Fission and fusion as source of energy
* Nuclear energy
     * Physics: moderation, neutron energy spectrum, scattering, cross sections, four/six factor formula, neutron life cycle
     * Engineering: design, control, components
* Stars formation/death
* Uranium enrichment, isotope separation
* Relationship to binding energy (semi-empirical mass formula, changes in binding energy)
* Currently excluded: Thermodynamics of reactor operation, detailed core neutronic calculations

* Natural occurrences of radioactive ores
* Cosmic vs terrestrial sources
* Man-made sources in the environment (fallout, etc.)
* Radiometric dating (carbon dating, etc.)
* Background dose calculations, normal intake or exposure of radionuclides

* The historical milestones of scientists associated with the development of nuclear science and technology
* Early applications – weapon/health (x-ray) and who discovered them
* The IAEA establishment and role (peaceful uses)
* History of nuclear accidents

* Principles and concepts in radiation protection/treatment
* Waste management principles, practices, classifications
* Time, distance, shielding
* ALARA - Safety and security culture
* Emergency response (protective actions)
* Risk communication

* How nuclear technologies support agriculture (mutation breeding, food irradiation, sterile insect technique)
* Health application and use as diagnostic and therapeutic treatment (x-ray radiography, computed tomography (CT), radiation therapy)
* Industry (hydrogen production, non-destructive evaluation, crosslinking and degradation of polymers, radiation-induced reactions)
* Sterilization
* Radioisotope production
* Radioactive tracing (defect detection, water tracking, etc.)
* Nuclear power (electricity, propulsion, heat, etc.)
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